Food and Wine Pairing

When it comes to food and wine pairing, your personal preferences supersede any of the rules you will learn here. But, you can learn food and wine pairing basics so you can create your own pairings. You’ll also learn what to look for in a recipe in order to make great wine matches. A great food and wine pairing creates a balance between the components of a dish and the characteristics of a wine.

9 Tips For Pairing Wine & Food

  1. The wine should be more acidic than the food. Think of fish with a squeeze of lemon, the wine in this instance serves the function of the lemon.
  2. The wine should be sweeter than the food. Dry wine with sweet chocolate is not nearly as good as sweet, viscous wine with unsweetened chocolate.
  3. The wine should have the same flavor intensity as the food. Delicate dishes like poached fish deserve delicate wines, whereas smoked meats need bolder, more full-bodied wines.
  4. Red wines pair best with bold flavored meats (e.g. red meat).
  5. White wines pair best with light-intensity meats (e.g. fish or chicken).
  6. Bitter wines (e.g. red wines) are best balanced with fat.
  7. It is better to match the wine with the sauce than with the meat.
  8. More often than not, White, Sparkling and Rosé wines create complimentary pairings. Complementary pairings are those which counteract discordant tastes by matching opposite dominant flavors in order to create balance.
  9. More often than not, Red wines create congruent pairing. Congruent pairings match similar compounds in the food and the wine which come together to intensify certain flavors.

Basic Taste Identification

You need to focus on 6 tastes when pairing food and wine: Salt, Acid, Sweet, Bitter, Fat and Spice (Piquant).

Basic Taste Components in Wine

For the most part, wine lacks the 3 tastes of fatness, spiciness and saltiness but does contain acidity, sweetness and bitterness in varying degrees. Generally speaking, you can group wines into 3 different categories:

  1. Red wines have more bitterness.
  2. White, rosé and sparkling wines have more acidity.
  3. Sweet wines have more sweetness.

Basic Taste Components in Food

Simplify a dish down to its basic dominant tastes. For example, baked macaroni has 2 primary components: fat and salt. Southern barbecue is a bit more complex and includes fat, salt, sweet and spice (plus a little acid!). Even dishes without meat can be simplified. For example, a green salad offers acidity and bitterness; creamed corn offers fatness and sweetness.

Consider the Intensity

FOOD: Is the food super light or super rich? A salad may seem lighter, but perhaps the dressing is balsamic vinaigrette with high acidity. If the intensity of the dish isn’t obvious at first, just focus on the power of each taste component (acidity, fat, sweet, etc).

WINE: Is the wine light or bold? Here are a few examples:

  • Sauvignon Blanc is light-bodied, but it has higher acidity
  • Chardonnay has more body, but it’s usually not too acidic
  • Pinot Noir is lighter bodied (for a red wine) and it doesn’t have too much tannin (bitterness).
  • Cabernet Sauvignon is more full-bodied and has high tannin (more bitterness)

Food and Wine Pairing

Specific Wines and the Foods that they pair with well.

Pinot Noir: Is great for dishes with earthy flavors

Recipes with mushrooms and truffles taste great with reds like Pinot Noir and Dolcetto, which are light-bodied but full of savory depth.

Chardonnay: For fatty fish or fish in a rich sauce

Chardonnays —are delicious with fish like salmon or any kind of seafood in a lush sauce.

Champagne: Is perfect with anything salty

Most dry sparkling wines, such as brut Champagne and Spanish cava, actually have a faint touch of sweetness. That makes them extra-refreshing when served with salty foods.

Cabernet Sauvignon: Is fabulous with juicy red meat

Cabernet, Bordeaux and Bordeaux-style blends are wonderful when paired with steaks or chops. The tannins in these wines refresh your palate after each bite of meat.

Sauvignon Blanc: Goes with tart dressings and sauces

Tangy foods will not overwhelm wines like Sauvignon Blanc, Vinho Verde from Portugal and Verdejo from Spain.

Dry Rosé: For rich, cheesy dishes

Some cheeses go better with white wine, some with red; but, almost all of them pair well with dry rosé, which has the acidity of white wine and the fruit character of red.

Pinot Grigio: Pairs with light fish dishes

Light seafood dishes seem to take on more flavor when matched with equally delicate white wines, such as Pinot Grigio or Arneis from Italy or Chablis from France.

Malbec: Won’t be overshadowed by sweet-spicy barbecue sauces

Malbec, Shiraz and Côtes-du-Rhône are big and bold enough to drink with foods brushed with heavily spiced barbecue sauces.

Moscato d’Asti:  Loves fruit desserts

Moderately sweet sparkling wines such as Moscato d’Asti, demi-sec Champagne and Asti Spumante help emphasize the fruit in the dessert, rather than the sugar.

Syrah: Matches with highly spiced dishes

When a meat is heavily seasoned, look for a red wine with lots of spicy notes. Syrah from Washington, Cabernet Franc from France and Xinomavro from Greece are all good choices.

Grüner Veltliner: Pairs with dishes that have lots of fresh ingredients

Austrian Grüner Veltliner’s citrus-and-clover scent is lovely when there are lots of fresh herbs in a dish. Other wines that pair well include Albariño from Spain and Vermentino from Italy.

Zinfandel: For pâtés, mousses and terrines

If you can use the same adjectives to describe a wine and a dish, the pairing often works well.

Off-Dry Riesling: Pairs with sweet & spicy dishes

The slight sweetness of many Rieslings, Gewürztraminers and Vouvrays helps tame the heat of spicy dishes.

Rosé Champagne: Great with dinner, not just hors d’oeuvres

Rosé sparkling wines, such as rosé Champagne, cava and sparkling wine from California, have the depth of flavor and richness to go with a wide range of main courses.

Old World Wines: Are intrinsically good with Old World dishes

The flavors of foods and wines that have grown up together over the centuries —Tuscan recipes and Tuscan wines, for instance — are almost always a natural fit.

Recipes from Food and Wine Magazine